High and Low Levels of Employee Performance: The Role of Transformational Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement
Keywords:
High and Low Levels of Employee Performance: The Role of Transformational Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement
Abstract
This research investigated the relationships between Work Engagement, Transformational Leadership, and Employee Performance. The analysis revealed that Work Engagement did not have a direct statistically significant impact on Employee Performance. However, Transformational Leadership was found to have a strong and significant positive effect on Employee Performance. Moreover, when considering the combined influence of Work Engagement and Transformational Leadership, a significant relationship with Employee Performance was observed. These findings suggest that organizations should prioritize the development of transformational leadership skills to enhance performance outcomes. While Work Engagement is important for employee well-being, its direct impact on performance may be limited. The study highlights the need for organizations to cultivate a work environment that promotes employee engagement and effective leadership practices. Further research is necessary to explore additional factors that may influence employee performance. These conclusions provide valuable insights for organizations aiming to improve performance and create a positive work environment.
References
[1] B. H. M. Elands et al., “Biocultural diversity: A novel concept to assess human-nature interrelations, nature conservation and stewardship in cities,” Urban For Urban Green, vol. 40, pp. 29–34, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.04.006.
[2] Mangkunegara, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. 2009.
[3] L. Li, Y. Zhu, and C. Park, “Leader–Member Exchange, Sales Performance, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment Affect Turnover Intention,” Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 1909–1922.
[4] S. Dittes, S. Richter, A. Richter, and S. Smolnik, “Toward the workplace of the future: How organizations can facilitate digital work,” Bus Horiz, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 649–661, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.05.004.
[5] K.-P. Lee, J.-Y. Bae, B. H. Lee, and J.-H. Choi, “The acculturative stress of host country managers working at MNC subsidiaries: Determinants and effects,” Journal of World Business, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 387–398, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.04.001.
[6] Z. Ouyang, W. Wei, and C. G. Chi, “Environment management in the hotel industry: does institutional environment matter?,” Int J Hosp Manag, vol. 77, pp. 353–364, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.07.015.
[7] E. Nataline, A. Kurniadi, and H. Aima, “Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformational Dan Manajemen Kepala Ruang Terhadap Kinerja Dokumentasi Asuhan Keperawatan Di Rumah Sakit X Jakarta,” Jurnal Mitra Manajemen, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 1347–1362.
[8] I. A. O. Martini, I. K. Rahyuda, D. K. Sintaasih, and P. S. Piartrini, “The Influence of Competency on Employee Performance through Organizational Commitment Dimension,” Iosr Journal Of Business And Management (Iosr-Jbm, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 29–37.
[9] D. P. A. Hasibuan, N. T. Silangit, A. A. Lubis, and W. Hidayat, “Pengaruh kepemimpinan , Budaya Organisasi Dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Sumber Daya Air, Cipta Karya Dan Tata Ruang Provinsi Sumatera Utara,” JMB (Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 143–152.
[10] J. Jufrizen and A. S. P. Lubis, “Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Kepemimpinan Transaksional terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Locus Of Control Sebagai Variabel Moderating,” Maneggio: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Manajemen, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 41–59.
[11] V. Arianto, S. Gondo, and A. Prasetya, “The Effect OF Situational Leadership Style, Work Ethic, and Work Motivation on The Employee’s Performance (Study on the employees Departement of Production in PT. Gudang Garam Kediri),” Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB), vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 154–162, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/202045-the-effect-of-situational-leadership-sty.pdf
[12] S. Nazir, A. Shafi, M. M. Atif, W. Qun, and S. M. Abdullah, “How Organization Justice and Perceived Organizational Support Facilitate Employees,” Innovative behavior at Work. Employee Relations: The International Journal.
[13] R. Handfield, “Shifts in buyer-seller relationships: A retrospective on Handfield and Bechtel (2002),” Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 83, pp. 194–206, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.08.012.
[14] N. Jayasinghe and M. Ezpeleta, “Ensuring women follow the money: Gender barriers in extractive industry revenue accountability: The Dominican Republic and Zambia,” Extr Ind Soc, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2019.12.005.
[15] H. Heli;, S. M.S, E. K. E. Joni, J. B. M. Jusoh, and M. N. bin Nordin, “Elements Of Experience In The Leadership Construct Of Special Education Head Teachers In Malaysia,” Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 5269–5273, 2021.
[16] J. P. W. Atmaja, “Pengaruh Perceived Organizational Support Terhadap Employee Performance Melalui Employee Engagement CV Sumo Surya Perkasa Di Lombok,” Jurnal Mahasiswa Manajemen Bisnis, vol. 7, no. 1, 2019.
[17] O. Brown, C. Paz-Aparicio, and A. J. Revilla, “Leader’s Communication Style, LMX and Organizational Commitment: A Study of Employee Perceptions in Peru,” Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
[18] A. D. Diamantidis and P. Chatzoglou, “Factors affecting employee performance: an empirical approach,” International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 171–193, 2019, doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-01-2018-0012.
[19] K. Dam and A. Robinson-Cortés, “Executive compensation and competitive pressure in the product market: How does firm entry shape managerial incentives?,” Math Soc Sci, no. xxxx, pp. 1–18, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2020.03.001.
[20] A. Eliyana and S. Ma’arif, “Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Effect in the Transformational Leadership towards Employee Performance,” European Research on Management and Business Economics, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 144–150.
[21] Y. Rm. Hussain.A., D. Khan., and ShahbazMS, “The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employee Job Performance through Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Logistic Sector of Pakistan,” International Journal of Supply Chain, vol. Management,8(4.
[22] Y. Rm. Hussain.A., D. Khan., and ShahbazMS, “The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employee Job Performance through Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Logistic Sector of Pakistan,” International Journal of Supply Chain, vol. Management,8(4.
[23] H. Chen, O. C. Richard, O. Dorian Boncoeur, and D. L. Ford, “Work engagement, emotional exhaustion, and counterproductive work behavior,” J Bus Res, vol. 114, no. April 2019, pp. 30–41, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.025.
[24] S. T. T. Teo, T. Bentley, and D. Nguyen, “Psychosocial work environment, work engagement, and employee commitment: A moderated, mediation model,” Int J Hosp Manag, vol. 88, p. 102415, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102415.
[2] Mangkunegara, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. 2009.
[3] L. Li, Y. Zhu, and C. Park, “Leader–Member Exchange, Sales Performance, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment Affect Turnover Intention,” Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 1909–1922.
[4] S. Dittes, S. Richter, A. Richter, and S. Smolnik, “Toward the workplace of the future: How organizations can facilitate digital work,” Bus Horiz, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 649–661, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.05.004.
[5] K.-P. Lee, J.-Y. Bae, B. H. Lee, and J.-H. Choi, “The acculturative stress of host country managers working at MNC subsidiaries: Determinants and effects,” Journal of World Business, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 387–398, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.04.001.
[6] Z. Ouyang, W. Wei, and C. G. Chi, “Environment management in the hotel industry: does institutional environment matter?,” Int J Hosp Manag, vol. 77, pp. 353–364, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.07.015.
[7] E. Nataline, A. Kurniadi, and H. Aima, “Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformational Dan Manajemen Kepala Ruang Terhadap Kinerja Dokumentasi Asuhan Keperawatan Di Rumah Sakit X Jakarta,” Jurnal Mitra Manajemen, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 1347–1362.
[8] I. A. O. Martini, I. K. Rahyuda, D. K. Sintaasih, and P. S. Piartrini, “The Influence of Competency on Employee Performance through Organizational Commitment Dimension,” Iosr Journal Of Business And Management (Iosr-Jbm, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 29–37.
[9] D. P. A. Hasibuan, N. T. Silangit, A. A. Lubis, and W. Hidayat, “Pengaruh kepemimpinan , Budaya Organisasi Dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Sumber Daya Air, Cipta Karya Dan Tata Ruang Provinsi Sumatera Utara,” JMB (Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 143–152.
[10] J. Jufrizen and A. S. P. Lubis, “Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Kepemimpinan Transaksional terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dengan Locus Of Control Sebagai Variabel Moderating,” Maneggio: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Manajemen, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 41–59.
[11] V. Arianto, S. Gondo, and A. Prasetya, “The Effect OF Situational Leadership Style, Work Ethic, and Work Motivation on The Employee’s Performance (Study on the employees Departement of Production in PT. Gudang Garam Kediri),” Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB), vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 154–162, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/202045-the-effect-of-situational-leadership-sty.pdf
[12] S. Nazir, A. Shafi, M. M. Atif, W. Qun, and S. M. Abdullah, “How Organization Justice and Perceived Organizational Support Facilitate Employees,” Innovative behavior at Work. Employee Relations: The International Journal.
[13] R. Handfield, “Shifts in buyer-seller relationships: A retrospective on Handfield and Bechtel (2002),” Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 83, pp. 194–206, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.08.012.
[14] N. Jayasinghe and M. Ezpeleta, “Ensuring women follow the money: Gender barriers in extractive industry revenue accountability: The Dominican Republic and Zambia,” Extr Ind Soc, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2019.12.005.
[15] H. Heli;, S. M.S, E. K. E. Joni, J. B. M. Jusoh, and M. N. bin Nordin, “Elements Of Experience In The Leadership Construct Of Special Education Head Teachers In Malaysia,” Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 5269–5273, 2021.
[16] J. P. W. Atmaja, “Pengaruh Perceived Organizational Support Terhadap Employee Performance Melalui Employee Engagement CV Sumo Surya Perkasa Di Lombok,” Jurnal Mahasiswa Manajemen Bisnis, vol. 7, no. 1, 2019.
[17] O. Brown, C. Paz-Aparicio, and A. J. Revilla, “Leader’s Communication Style, LMX and Organizational Commitment: A Study of Employee Perceptions in Peru,” Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
[18] A. D. Diamantidis and P. Chatzoglou, “Factors affecting employee performance: an empirical approach,” International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 171–193, 2019, doi: 10.1108/IJPPM-01-2018-0012.
[19] K. Dam and A. Robinson-Cortés, “Executive compensation and competitive pressure in the product market: How does firm entry shape managerial incentives?,” Math Soc Sci, no. xxxx, pp. 1–18, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2020.03.001.
[20] A. Eliyana and S. Ma’arif, “Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment Effect in the Transformational Leadership towards Employee Performance,” European Research on Management and Business Economics, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 144–150.
[21] Y. Rm. Hussain.A., D. Khan., and ShahbazMS, “The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employee Job Performance through Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Logistic Sector of Pakistan,” International Journal of Supply Chain, vol. Management,8(4.
[22] Y. Rm. Hussain.A., D. Khan., and ShahbazMS, “The Effect of Transformational Leadership on Employee Job Performance through Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Logistic Sector of Pakistan,” International Journal of Supply Chain, vol. Management,8(4.
[23] H. Chen, O. C. Richard, O. Dorian Boncoeur, and D. L. Ford, “Work engagement, emotional exhaustion, and counterproductive work behavior,” J Bus Res, vol. 114, no. April 2019, pp. 30–41, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.025.
[24] S. T. T. Teo, T. Bentley, and D. Nguyen, “Psychosocial work environment, work engagement, and employee commitment: A moderated, mediation model,” Int J Hosp Manag, vol. 88, p. 102415, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102415.
Published
2023-07-01
How to Cite
Rezeki, F., Muhammad Mardiputera, H., & Wulandari, A. (2023). High and Low Levels of Employee Performance: The Role of Transformational Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement. Asian Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship and Social Science, 3(03), 568-584. Retrieved from https://mail.ajmesc.com/index.php/ajmesc/article/view/454
.png)
.jpg)
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : editor.ajmesc@gmail.com
